an(ǝ)-3 (*ḫenaḫ-)

    an(ǝ)-3 (*ḫenaḫ-)

    English meaning: “to breathe”

    Note: Root an(ǝ)-3 : “to breathe” derived from a reduction of Root anĝhen- : ‘smell, odour; person” as in Arm. anjn (for older *anj), gen. anjin “ soul, being, person “: O.N. angi m. “ odour, smell “ : Alb. anj ‘swell, puff” [common Alb. ng > nj phonetic mutation].

    Deutsche Übersetzung: “atmen, hauchen”

    Material: O.Ind. ániti “breathes” (also thematically ánati), ánila-ḥ ̣ “breath, breeze, wind”, üná -ḥ (maybe “breath” or “ mouth, nose “, üna-nam “ mouth, muzzle, face “ with ind. Vr̥ddhi; “mouth” as “breathe, the breathing “); prüṇ iti “breathes”; Av. ü̊ntya, parü̊ ntya “ of the inhaling and exhaling “ (*anti- “ breathing “ with ü and parü; see Bartholomae IF. 7, 59; about ainiti- “mildness” see, however, AIran. Wb. 125 f.). Gk. ἄνεμος “ breath, wind “, ἀνήνεμος (with stretch in the compound), νήνεμος “ windless, calm “, ἠvεμόεις “ rich in wind “ (ἠ- metrical stretch), ἀνεμώλιος (“ windy “, i.e.:) “ trifling, in vain “ (dissimilated from ἀνεμώνιος, see last Bechtel Lexil. 44, also 226, about that probably from *μετ-ανεμώvιoς by extreme dissimilation abbreviated ones μεταμώνιος “ in vain, without success “); different Risch 113; compare Frisk Indog. 15; ἄνται ἄνεμοι ἀντάς πνοιάς Hes. are to change in ἀῆται, ἀήτας. Maybe here νεᾱνίᾱς “ youth “ as νεFο-αν- “ new wheeze “, after Schwyzer Gk. I 4263; also ἄσθμα “ breathlessness, suffocation “, aaO. 337. Lat. animus “ mind, soul “, anima “ wind, breath, soul, lives “ (Osc. anamúm “ air, a current of air, breeze, breath, wind “), of it animal “ living being, animal “, hülō, - üre “breathe, smell” (Denominative *an-slo-; with phoney h, the sound value described here attained and also penetrated in an(h)-ēlüre; about latter see *an 4). O.Ir. anül, Welsh anadl “breath”, M.Bret. alazn (rearrangement), Bret. holan (*anǝ-tlo-); M.Welsh eneit, nWelsh enaid ‘soul” (*anǝ-tī-), O.Brit. PN Anate-mōros “ warmhearted, bighearted “; O.Ir. animm, Ir. anam ‘soul”, gen. anman (stem *ana-mon; the i- color of the nom. sg. after neutr. -men-stem s. Pedersen KG. II 61; to the intersection with Lat. anima f. “breath, wind, O.Ir. Transf., the breath of life, vital principle, soul” see Pokorny ZfcPh. 10 69 f.), Corn. eneff, M.Bret. eneff (pl. anaffon) Bret. anaoun ‘soul” (umlauted Corn. and Bret. forms probably Lw. from Lat., see Vendryès De hib. voc. 112 f., Pedersen KG. I 170, II 111); in addition O.Ir. osnad ‘sighs” (uss-anad), further (“catch one’s breath = rest, relax “) anaid “ remains, rests, stops “, con-osna “ desist, cease “ (com-uss-an-) etc. (see Pedersen KG. II 455 f., 672); M.Welsh anant pl. “ bards, poets “, cyn-an in “word, praise “; Goth. uz-anan (preterit uzōn) “exhale”; with t-formant: O.N. ǫnd, g. andar f. “breath, breath of life, life, soul “ (= Gk. ἄνται), anda, -aða “ breathe, gasp “ = O.E. ōđian “puff strongly”, O.N. andi m. “breath, mind, soul”, O.Fris. omma (*an-ma) “breath”, O.E. oroð (*ŭz-anÞ-) “breath” *; maybe here O.H.G. unst, O.Ice. O.E. yst f. ‘storm” from *n̥-sti-; maybe Alb. anda “taste, smell” [common Alb. n > nd phonetic mutation] : O.N. anda, -aða “breathe, gasp”.

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    *) In addition also O.S. ando, O.E. anđa, anođa “excitement, rage, sorrow”, O.H.G. anado, ando, anto “annoyance, rage”, M.H.G. ande “feeling of insult”, O.H.G. anadōn, antōn, M.H.G. anden “let out one’s rage”, Ger. avenge under a mid definition “gasp before excitement” (Kluge s. v., -Falk-Torp 5 and 1428 under aand; Schröder Аbl. 9). About second a from O.H.G. anado, O.E. anođa see Specht Phil. Stud. Voretzsch 36.

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    O.C.S. vonja (*ani̯ü) ‘smell” (vonjati “ scent, smell “), *ǫchati ‘smell” in aRuss. uchati etc. (-ch- perhaps imitation from duchati, thus without historical connection with s from Lat. hülüre “breathe, emit vapor, be fragrant” from *an-slo-); Maybe nasalized Alb. (*unhati) nuhat, nuhas ‘scent, smell”. Nasals are the most important element of Proto-Indo Europeans since they indicate the homeland of Aryans in a cold, snowy territory. The prolongation of their nose must have taken place during thousands of years of habitat in the frosty climate. The long nose served Indo Europeans to warm the air while breathing which eventually caused the presence of nasal sounds. Alb.Gheg âj, Tosc ēnj “I swell, impregnate “, Gheg âjun “conceited, puffed” kënjem, gnem “incense” (*kɛ-(a)nemo- Jokl Stud. 37);

    Note: Clearly the initial meaning in Alb.Gheg âj, Tosc ēnj “I swell, impregnate” was “puff with air”. Toch. AB üñ m- “life, mind”, В üñ me “intention”, A üñ cüm (* üntemo-) “existence, living, mind” (K. Schneider IF. 57, 203, Pedersen Toch. 48); also В onolme, wnolme “living being”? Arm. holm “wind” (Bugge IF. 1, 442) abides (in spite of Meillet Lith. 6, 3) (see Lidé n Arm. stem 38 f., Peterson KZ. 47, 246). - O.Ind. ütmá n ‘soul” rather to O.H.G. ütum “breath”, see ēt-men. Root points beside to two-syllable forms, like O.Ind. ani-ti, ani-laḥ, Celt.*ana-tlo- etc, and such like ἄνε-μος, also forms of the monosyllabic word roots, thus Lat. *an-slo- > hülō, O.N. ǫnd (etc).

    References: WP. I 56 ff., WH. I 49 f., Feist 538.

    See also: ansu-, antro-.